The European Union’s Directive on security of network and information systems (NIS2) is set to strengthen cybersecurity across the entire Union. The new directive aims to enhance the resilience of digital services and critical infrastructures against cyber threats. France, being a member of the European Union, is required to transpose NIS2 into its national legislation, with a strong focus on ensuring the security of essential and important entities. As the French approach to cybersecurity is underpinned by the Agence Nationale de la Sécurité des Systèmes d'Information (ANSSI), understanding how the directive will be enforced and implemented is crucial for compliance officers, CISOs, and risk managers at European financial institutions.

In this guide, we will delve into the specifics of the NIS2 implementation in France, focusing on ANSSI's approach, the French transposition status, and the compliance requirements for essential and important entities. We will also provide practical steps for implementation and highlight common mistakes to avoid.

Key Requirements or Concepts

ANSSI’s Role in NIS2 Implementation

ANSSI is France’s national cybersecurity agency responsible for implementing national cybersecurity policy, which includes overseeing the compliance of NIS2. According to Article 8 of NIS2, each Member State is required to designate a competent authority or authorities responsible for the implementation of the directive. In France, this role is fulfilled by ANSSI, which is tasked with the following key responsibilities:

Supervision and Enforcement: ANSSI is responsible for supervising the compliance of essential and important entities with NIS2 requirements and enforcing penalties in case of non-compliance.
Reporting and Coordination: ANSSI is to coordinate with other relevant national authorities and ensure proper reporting to the European Commission and other Member States on incidents and threats.
Assessment and Certification: ANSSI is in charge of assessing the cybersecurity risk management capabilities of essential and important entities and may issue certifications, where necessary.

French Transposition Status

As of November 2026, France has no NIS2 law in force. The Senate adopted the Résilience bill in March 2025, but the bill has not been adopted. On 8 July 2026, the European Commission referred France to the Court of Justice of the EU. The transposition process involves adapting the directive’s requirements to the French legal and regulatory framework. It is expected that the French transposition will include specific guidelines for essential and important entities, particularly in sectors such as energy, transport, banking, and financial markets. The transposition should also align with the existing French cybersecurity legislation, such as the Loi pour une République Numérique (Digital Republic Law).

Compliance Requirements for Essential and Important Entities

According to NIS2, essential and important entities must comply with a set of minimum security requirements. These include:

Risk Management: Entities must implement a risk management process that identifies, assesses, and mitigates cybersecurity risks (Article 21 of NIS2). The management body must approve and oversee it (Article 20).
Incident Reporting: Entities must report significant incidents to the CSIRT or competent authority, such as ANSSI: an early warning within 24 hours, an incident notification within 72 hours and a final report within one month (Article 23 of NIS2).
Security Measures: Entities must adopt security measures that take the state of the art into account to protect their networks and information systems (Article 21 of NIS2).
Cooperation and Information Sharing: Entities can share information on cybersecurity threats in information-sharing arrangements (Article 29 of NIS2).

Implementation Guide or Practical Steps

Step 1: Understanding NIS2 and ANSSI Requirements

The first step in the implementation process is to thoroughly understand the requirements of NIS2 and how they are transposed into French law. This involves studying the directive, relevant articles, and any guidance provided by ANSSI.

Step 2: Risk Assessment and Management

Conduct a comprehensive risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and threats to your organization's network and information systems. Develop a risk management plan that aligns with the requirements outlined in NIS2.

Step 3: Incident Reporting Mechanism

Establish an incident reporting mechanism that complies with the requirements of Article 23 of NIS2. This should include procedures for identifying, reporting, and managing cybersecurity incidents.

Step 4: Security Measures Implementation

Implement state-of-the-art security measures to protect your organization's networks and information systems. This may include firewalls, intrusion detection systems, encryption, and access control mechanisms.

Step 5: Cooperation and Information Sharing

Develop a strategy for cooperating with other entities and sharing information on cybersecurity threats and best practices. This may involve participating in information sharing platforms or working groups.

Common Mistakes or Pitfalls to Avoid

Inadequate Risk Assessment

One common mistake is conducting an inadequate risk assessment, which can lead to overlooking critical vulnerabilities. It is essential to conduct a thorough and comprehensive assessment to identify all potential risks.

Insufficient Incident Reporting

Failing to establish a robust incident reporting mechanism can result in non-compliance with NIS2 requirements. Ensure that your reporting process is in line with the directive's requirements and that all relevant parties are aware of their responsibilities.

Lack of Cooperation

Not cooperating with other entities and authorities can hinder the sharing of critical cybersecurity information. It is essential to foster a culture of cooperation and information sharing to enhance overall cybersecurity.

How Matproof Helps

Matproof's compliance management platform provides a comprehensive solution for NIS2 implementation in France. Our platform offers tools for risk assessment, incident reporting, and security measure implementation, ensuring that your organization complies with ANSSI's requirements. Additionally, our platform facilitates cooperation and information sharing, helping you to stay ahead of cybersecurity threats.

NIS2 Implementation in France: ANSSI Requirements

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